Historical Marker

Chireno Lower Cemetery

Historical marker location:
CR 446, Chireno, Texas
( Chireno Lower Cemetery)
Marker installed: 2009
Marker size: 27" x 42"

Situated near El Camino Real de Los Tejas, on land granted in 1792 to Jose Antonio Chireno, the Chireno Community developed in the 1830s when Chireno’s heirs sold tracts to incoming colonists, including Samuel Flournoy and Daniel H. Vail. In 1844, Vail donated around thirty acres to the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Chireno for the community to use as a cemetery, church, and school, known as the Chireno School Campus. Out of the original thirty acres donated, a little over nine acres were designated for cemetery purposes. This land was divided into two segregated cemeteries, for anglo and african-american burials. After two structures burned at this location in 1890 and again in 1925, the church building was rebuilt to the northwest.

The landscape of the cemetery is traditional with a variety of gravestones, including markers of granite, limestone, and marble surrounded by trees, grass, and irises. The earliest marked grave, that of the baby of M.W. And A.T. Burke, dates to 1861, although there may be earlier unmarked burials. Other noted burials include the reverend Richard A. Menefee (1809-1893) and Missouri M. Fowler Woolam (1807-1891), widow of Reverend Littleton Fowler and the first protestant woman missionary of Texas. Among many pioneer families buried here, the cemetery also serves as the final resting place for veterans of World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, as well as members of Woodmen of the World and Mason organizations. An oversight committee formed in 1978 to care for the cemetery, and in 2010, the Chireno Lower Cemetery, Inc. was formed to maintain this historic burial ground.

Historic Texas Cemetery – 2009

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

gravesites
Texas is not a state – it’s a state of mind
John Steinbeck in Travels with Charley
Nacogdoches County, Texas has a rich and deeply rooted history. The area's first inhabitants were indigenous Native American tribes, including the Caddo and Lipan Apache. European exploration reached the region in the early 18th century, with Spanish explorers establishing missions and settlements. Nacogdoches, founded in 1779, is the oldest town in Texas and served as a vital center for trade and commerce during the Spanish and Mexican periods.

During the Texas Revolution, Nacogdoches County played a significant role. It became a hotbed of support for the Texian cause, hosting important political meetings and serving as a training ground for volunteers. In 1836, General Sam Houston rallied troops in Nacogdoches before leading them to victory in the Battle of San Jacinto, securing Texas' independence from Mexico.

The county's economy flourished in the mid-19th century, driven by the booming lumber industry. Abundant pine forests attracted sawmills, leading Nacogdoches to become known as the "Gateway City to the Piney Woods." Railroads further facilitated economic growth, linking the area to major markets and fueling the development of thriving towns.

In the 20th century, Nacogdoches County continued to evolve, diversifying its economy beyond lumber and timber. The establishment of Stephen F. Austin State University in 1923 brought educational and cultural opportunities to the area. Today, Nacogdoches County retains its rich historical character while embracing modernization, attracting visitors with its vibrant downtown, historical sites, and natural beauty.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Nacogdoches County, Texas.

  • 1721 - Spanish settlers establish a mission called Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de los Nacogdoches, marking the earliest European presence in the area.
  • 1779 - Nacogdoches becomes the easternmost settlement in Spanish Texas when the Spanish government authorizes the town's relocation.
  • 1826 - Mexican authorities officially separate Nacogdoches from the Department of Bexar and establish it as a municipality.
  • 1836 - The Battle of Nacogdoches occurs during the Texas Revolution, with Texian forces defeating Mexican troops.
  • 1838 - Nacogdoches becomes the first English-speaking settlement to be incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
  • 1845 - Nacogdoches County is established as one of the original counties of the newly admitted state of Texas.
  • 1870 - The arrival of railroads spurs economic growth and development in Nacogdoches County.
  • 1902 - Stephen F. Austin State Normal School (now Stephen F. Austin State University) is established in Nacogdoches.
  • 1938 - The Texas State Railroad begins operating, providing transportation for timber and passengers.
  • 1986 - The Nacogdoches Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
  • 1989 - The Texas Legislature designates Nacogdoches as the "Oldest Town in Texas" due to its long history of continuous settlement.
  • 2005 - Nacogdoches experiences significant damage and power outages due to Hurricane Rita.
  • 2010 - The population of Nacogdoches County reaches over 64,000 residents.